SMTP
El Protocolo Simple de Transferencia de Correo (SMTP) es un protocolo para enviar correos electrónicos en una red IP. Puede utilizarse entre un cliente de correo electrónico y un servidor de correo saliente o entre dos servidores SMTP. SMTP se combina a menudo con los protocolos IMAP o POP3, que pueden recuperar y enviar correos electrónicos. En principio, es un protocolo basado en cliente-servidor, aunque SMTP puede utilizarse entre un cliente y un servidor y entre dos servidores SMTP. En este caso, el servidor actúa como cliente.
Default Configuration
Default Configuration
cat /etc/postfix/main.cf | grep -v "#" | sed -r "/^\s*$/d"
smtpd_banner = ESMTP Server
biff = no
append_dot_mydomain = no
readme_directory = no
compatibility_level = 2
smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache
myhostname = mail1.inlanefreight.htb
alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases
alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases
smtp_generic_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/generic
mydestination = $myhostname, localhost
masquerade_domains = $myhostname
mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 10.129.0.0/16
mailbox_size_limit = 0
recipient_delimiter = +
smtp_bind_address = 0.0.0.0
inet_protocols = ipv4
smtpd_helo_restrictions = reject_invalid_hostname
home_mailbox = /home/postfix
Dominio
Descripción
AUTH PLAIN
AUTH es una extensión de servicio utilizada para autenticar al cliente.
HELO
El cliente inicia sesión con el nombre de su computadora y así inicia la sesión.
MAIL FROM
El cliente nombra el remitente del correo electrónico.
RCPT TO
El cliente nombra el destinatario del correo electrónico.
DATA
El cliente inicia la transmisión del correo electrónico.
RSET
El cliente aborta la transmisión iniciada pero mantiene la conexión entre el cliente y el servidor.
VRFY
El cliente comprueba si hay un buzón disponible para la transferencia de mensajes.
EXPN
El cliente también verifica si hay un buzón disponible para enviar mensajes con este comando.
NOOP
El cliente solicita una respuesta del servidor para evitar la desconexión por tiempo de espera.
QUIT
El cliente finaliza la sesión.
Telnet-HELO/EHLO
telnet 10.129.14.128 25
Trying 10.129.14.128...
Connected to 10.129.14.128.
Escape character is '^]'.
220 ESMTP Server
HELO mail1.inlanefreight.htb
250 mail1.inlanefreight.htb
EHLO mail1
250-mail1.inlanefreight.htb
250-PIPELINING
250-SIZE 10240000
250-ETRN
250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES
250-8BITMIME
250-DSN
250-SMTPUTF8
250 CHUNKING
Telnet-VRFY
telnet 10.129.14.128 25
Trying 10.129.14.128...
Connected to 10.129.14.128.
Escape character is '^]'.
220 ESMTP Server
VRFY root
252 2.0.0 root
VRFY cry0l1t3
252 2.0.0 cry0l1t3
VRFY testuser
252 2.0.0 testuser
VRFY aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
252 2.0.0 aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
Footprinting the Service
sudo nmap 10.129.14.128 -sC -sV -p25
Starting Nmap 7.80 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2021-09-27 17:56 CEST
Nmap scan report for 10.129.14.128
Host is up (0.00025s latency).
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
25/tcp open smtp Postfix smtpd
|_smtp-commands: mail1.inlanefreight.htb, PIPELINING, SIZE 10240000, VRFY, ETRN, ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES, 8BITMIME, DSN, SMTPUTF8, CHUNKING,
MAC Address: 00:00:00:00:00:00 (VMware)
Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at https://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 14.09 seconds
sudo nmap 10.129.14.128 -p25 --script smtp-open-relay -v
Starting Nmap 7.80 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2021-09-30 02:29 CEST
NSE: Loaded 1 scripts for scanning.
NSE: Script Pre-scanning.
Initiating NSE at 02:29
Completed NSE at 02:29, 0.00s elapsed
Initiating ARP Ping Scan at 02:29
Scanning 10.129.14.128 [1 port]
Completed ARP Ping Scan at 02:29, 0.06s elapsed (1 total hosts)
Initiating Parallel DNS resolution of 1 host. at 02:29
Completed Parallel DNS resolution of 1 host. at 02:29, 0.03s elapsed
Initiating SYN Stealth Scan at 02:29
Scanning 10.129.14.128 [1 port]
Discovered open port 25/tcp on 10.129.14.128
Completed SYN Stealth Scan at 02:29, 0.06s elapsed (1 total ports)
NSE: Script scanning 10.129.14.128.
Initiating NSE at 02:29
Completed NSE at 02:29, 0.07s elapsed
Nmap scan report for 10.129.14.128
Host is up (0.00020s latency).
PORT STATE SERVICE
25/tcp open smtp
| smtp-open-relay: Server is an open relay (16/16 tests)
| MAIL FROM:<> -> RCPT TO:<relaytest@nmap.scanme.org>
| MAIL FROM:<antispam@nmap.scanme.org> -> RCPT TO:<relaytest@nmap.scanme.org>
| MAIL FROM:<antispam@ESMTP> -> RCPT TO:<relaytest@nmap.scanme.org>
| MAIL FROM:<antispam@[10.129.14.128]> -> RCPT TO:<relaytest@nmap.scanme.org>
| MAIL FROM:<antispam@[10.129.14.128]> -> RCPT TO:<relaytest%nmap.scanme.org@[10.129.14.128]>
| MAIL FROM:<antispam@[10.129.14.128]> -> RCPT TO:<relaytest%nmap.scanme.org@ESMTP>
| MAIL FROM:<antispam@[10.129.14.128]> -> RCPT TO:<"relaytest@nmap.scanme.org">
| MAIL FROM:<antispam@[10.129.14.128]> -> RCPT TO:<"relaytest%nmap.scanme.org">
| MAIL FROM:<antispam@[10.129.14.128]> -> RCPT TO:<relaytest@nmap.scanme.org@[10.129.14.128]>
| MAIL FROM:<antispam@[10.129.14.128]> -> RCPT TO:<"relaytest@nmap.scanme.org"@[10.129.14.128]>
| MAIL FROM:<antispam@[10.129.14.128]> -> RCPT TO:<relaytest@nmap.scanme.org@ESMTP>
| MAIL FROM:<antispam@[10.129.14.128]> -> RCPT TO:<@[10.129.14.128]:relaytest@nmap.scanme.org>
| MAIL FROM:<antispam@[10.129.14.128]> -> RCPT TO:<@ESMTP:relaytest@nmap.scanme.org>
| MAIL FROM:<antispam@[10.129.14.128]> -> RCPT TO:<nmap.scanme.org!relaytest>
| MAIL FROM:<antispam@[10.129.14.128]> -> RCPT TO:<nmap.scanme.org!relaytest@[10.129.14.128]>
|_ MAIL FROM:<antispam@[10.129.14.128]> -> RCPT TO:<nmap.scanme.org!relaytest@ESMTP>
MAC Address: 00:00:00:00:00:00 (VMware)
NSE: Script Post-scanning.
Initiating NSE at 02:29
Completed NSE at 02:29, 0.00s elapsed
Read data files from: /usr/bin/../share/nmap
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.48 seconds
Raw packets sent: 2 (72B) | Rcvd: 2 (72B)
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